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观筑会客厅 03 | Robert-Jan van SANTEN：总部设计——现在与未来
2022.07.20
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深圳市观筑建筑发展交流中心
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Thanks for this invitation. My name is Robert-Jan van SANTEN. I’m a French educated Dutch architect that decided 30 years ago to focus my professional activities on building envelopes. Some might see this as a purely technical oriented job, but definitively it is far more than that.
谢谢邀请。我的名字是Robert-Jan van SANTEN。我是一名在法国受过教育的荷兰建筑师，30年前决定将我的专业专注在建筑围护结构上。有些人可能会认为这是一份纯粹的技术导向型工作，但显然远不止于此。
Firstly, because we’re in a fast-changing period, because we’re building now HQ designed 3 years ago, because we’re designing now HQ that will be built in the future… I would rather change the title into Headquaters design : past and future.
首先，因为我们正处于一个快速变化的时期，我们在建的总部大楼都是3年前设计的，而我们正在设计的总部大楼则将在未来建造……所以我更愿意把标题改为总部设计——过去和未来。
In the past, every European town had 2, only 2 powerful landmarks: the church and the city-hall. Sometimes there was also a castle. The bell-tower was the symbol of the city that could be seen and heard from far away. In the 20th century, cities became bigger requiring more service activities and more shopping centers. Shopping centers, with a lot of visitors remained mainly low-rise, while office buildings expanded vertically with the development of the elevators. Very quickly those buildings became the new landmarks in the city.
在过去，每个欧洲城镇都有两个且只有两个重要的地标:教堂和市政厅。有时还有一座城堡。而钟楼是这座城市的象征，从很远的地方就能看到和听到。在20世纪，城市变得更大，需要更多的服务活动和更多的购物中心。人流较多的购物中心仍以低层建筑为主，而写字楼则随着电梯的发展而垂直扩张。这些建筑很快就成为了这个城市的新地标。
杜卡迪摩托车主题体验中心
Every building that is looking to becoming a landmark, has a rich entrance, that can impress the visitors, and a sculptural crown to make it visible from a longer distance. The higher floors are symbolically dedicated to the bosses. At that time, new construction methods appeared, including the quickly adopted curtain-wall that was easier and faster to build. They were also cheaper and gave a radically new appearance to the buildings. Almost fully glazed fa?ades will define the modern building.
每个想要成为地标的建筑，都有一个豪华的入口，可以给访客留下深刻的印象，还有一个远远就能看到的雕塑般的顶冠。高楼层都是老板们的象征，全部都预留给老板们使用的。于是新的建筑方法出现了，包括快速采用的更容易和更快建造的幕墙。它们也更便宜，给建筑带来了全新的外观。几乎全玻璃的幕墙定义着现代建筑。
MA CGM总部办公大楼
This trend, already 100 years old is still influencing many deciding CEOs. Because Architects need to please their clients, this trend is also guiding the design of many HQ, even nowadays.How to make an outstanding building with a fully glazed curtain-wall different from its neighbors with also a fully glazed curtain-wall?
这个已经有100年历史的趋势仍然影响着许多有决断力的首席执行官们。因为建筑师需要取悦他们的客户，即使是现在这一趋势也引导着许多总部的设计。如何使一座拥有全玻璃幕墙的建筑与周边同样拥有全玻璃幕墙的建筑不同?
· Hiding more or less the frames,
· Changing the appearance of the glass,
· Adding some decoration (usually as cheap as possible) or an impressive lighting program when everyone has left the office,
· Adding some art-works nearby the entrance,
· Changing the shape and/or the height of the building (very efficient … but also very expensive, so not that frequent)
· …
? 窗框的显与藏，
? 改变玻璃的外观，
? 增加一些装饰(通常是尽可能便宜的)或在每个人都离开办公室后，一个令人印象深刻的灯光设计，
? 在入口附近增加一些艺术品，
? 改变建筑物的形状和/或高度(非常有效，但也非常昂贵，所以不太频繁)
? …
BERCY 2 购物中心
万科滨海云中心
Because this is either so futile, difficult or expensive, the lobby facade, with a reduced area, remains the last place where the CEO and the Architect can do something outstanding. But a nearby Apple store might just remind them that it’s not that innovative… and the employees might think that it’s a pity that their company wastes so much money in that entrance while they’re facing such uncomfortable working conditions.
因为大堂的面积很小，首席执行官和建筑师们喜欢在大堂立面上做文章，可是这要么是徒劳的，要么是困难的，要么是昂贵的。因为附近的苹果商店可能会提醒他们，这并没有那么创新，员工们可能会很遗憾地认为，他们的公司浪费了这么多钱在入口，而他们却面临着不太舒服的工作环境。
万科滨海云中心办公入口
Q&A
问答环节
Q1：
What are those best working conditions ?
最好的工作条件是什么?
A1：
The Company is responsible for the safety of its employees: this can include so many things as physical but also mental safety. Beside creating the best climatic conditions (with generally artificial means), this might also lead to creating places where people can relax, breath external air, interact socially, personalize their environment, facilitate interaction with their Directors. To summarize: a place where people can be durably happy.
公司要对员工的安全负责:这包括身体和精神安全等许多方面。除了创造最佳的气候条件(通常采用人工手段)，这也可能导致创造人们可以放松、呼吸外部空气、社交互动、个性化环境、促进与他们的主管互动的场所。总而言之:一个人们可以长久快乐的地方。
To have performing employees, they must work in comfortable conditions: we know better and better the building physics that can theoretically measure comfort and discomfort. To balance the effects of excessive glazed fa?ades, glass suppliers imagined metallic coatings to block the infra-red part of the solar radiation. BTW this will make those glasses unable to be later-on recycled. Some suppliers developed performing external blinds. Unfortunately, most of them cannot resist typhoons. Other suppliers developed internal blinds. Unfortunately, most of them are not very efficient in terms of solar protection and they are so opaque that the interior lightning will be permanently switched on. We are happy to be able to say that we definitively know how to moderate most of the cons of any excessive glass area, although it will need a performing and energy-consuming air-conditioning.
为了让员工有良好的表现，他们必须在舒适的条件下工作:我们越来越了解可以从理论上衡量员工舒适度和不适感的建筑物理原理。为了平衡玻璃幕墙过度使用的影响，玻璃供应商设想用金属涂层来阻挡太阳辐射的红外部分。顺便说一下，这将使这些玻璃以后无法回收。一些供应商开发了高性能的外部百叶窗，可是，它们中的大多数无法抵御台风。其他供应商开发了内部百叶窗，可是，它们中的大多数在太阳能保护方面并不是很有效，而且因为它们是不透的，以至于必须一直开着室内灯。我们很高兴能够说，我们确实知道如何弥补任何过度使用玻璃的大多数缺点，尽管它将需要一个高性能和高能耗的空调系统。
Q2：
Are we really satisfying everyone?
我们真的能让所有人满意吗?
A2：
We hear more and more that we should take care of our planet, that energy and material resources are limited. New York Mayor Bill de Blasio has declared that skyscrapers made of glass and steel “have no place in our city or our Earth anymore.” My understanding is that he didn’t meant “glass and steel” or “skyscrapers” in particular, but more generally buildings with a far too high Carbon foot-print: too high energy consumption for building it, for running it and for managing its end of life.
我们听到越来越多的我们应该照顾我们的星球，能源和物质资源是有限的。纽约市长比尔·白思豪(Bill de Blasio)宣布，玻璃和钢铁建造的摩天大楼“在我们的城市或地球上不再有立足之地”。我的理解是，他并不是指“玻璃和钢铁”或“摩天大楼”，而是指那些碳足迹过高的建筑:建造、运营和管理其寿命的能耗都太高。
Q3：
How can we build with a much lower Carbon footprint ?
我们如何以更低的碳足迹建设?
A3：
It isn’t that difficult technically, but it might require the whole industry to prepare itself to some significant changes. And this concerns everyone: architects, consultants, suppliers, contractors. What are the key points ?
这在技术上并不困难，但可能需要整个行业做好应对重大变化的准备。这关系到每一个人:建筑师、顾问、供应商、承包商。重点是什么?
- Designing performing low-tech fa?ades, with adjusted glass areas to what is necessary, without excess,
- Develop materials and products with a low-Carbon footprint : in many cases, this requires R&D, this means technology changes
- Designing facades and HVAC that can cut the running costs, reducing energy consuming and adding energy producing devices like photovoltaic,
- Designing a fa?ade that can easily be maintained, repaired, upgraded and, at the end recycled.
- Designing user-oriented fa?ades with user-friendly functions.
- … and being able to convince the CEO with these new ideas!
-设计执行低技幕墙，调整玻璃区域，以什么是必要的为基础，去除多余，
-开发具有低碳足迹的材料和产品:在许多情况下，这需要研发，这意味着技术变革
-设计幕墙和暖通空调，降低运行成本，减少能源消耗，增加光伏发电等能源生产设备，
-设计一个便于维护、维修、升级和回收的幕墙。
-设计以用户为导向的幕墙，具有人性化的功能。
-…并且能够用这些新想法说服CEO !
里昂汇流博物馆
Q4：
What should we build now that will still be relevant a one hundred years later?
我们现在应该建造什么乃至一百年后仍然有用?
A4：
Nobody can seriously say he knows. Let’s introduce the concept of flexibility. Every new trend or fundamental improvement could be integrated. Gradually, buildings will be refurbished. This will introduce more diversity in the fa?ades, in the programs … such updates will help the buildings keeping a high-value.
没人敢说他真的知道。让我们介绍一下灵活性的概念。每一个新的趋势或根本的改善都可以被整合。建筑将逐步翻新。这将在幕墙和项目中引入更多的多样性……这样的更新将有助于这些建筑保持高价值。
We become more and more aware that a higher living standard requires, beside the working hours other positive factors. To select just a few:
- Shorter transportation time is one of them. Most of us experienced this year working at home, and might feel that going to the office only once or twice a week is an interesting option.
- Closer contact with nature is another. We all enjoy nature and more and more offices introduce plants on their working spaces. Integrating greenhouses in the fa?ades is a way to deal with this topic at a larger scale. Operable windows are not appropriate in all conditions, but breathing some fresh air is important .. and possible since the air-pollution is globally being reduced in all big cities.
我们越来越意识到更高的生活水平要求，除了工作时间以外，还有其他一些积极的因素，比如:
- 更短的运输时间就是其中之一。我们大多数人今年都经历了在家工作，可能会觉得一周只去一两次办公室是一个有趣的选择。
- 与大自然更亲密的接触是另一个原因。我们都喜欢大自然，越来越多的办公室在他们的工作空间引入植物。在幕墙中整合温室是在更大范围内解决这个问题的一种方法。可开启的窗户并非适用于所有条件，但呼吸一些新鲜空气是重要的。这是可能的，因为全球所有大城市的空气污染都在减少。
皇马足球体验馆
Q5：
If all this becomes reality, what will be the remaining functions of all existing HQ ?
如果这一切都成为现实，所有现有总部的剩余职能是什么?
A5：
May be some can be transformed into residential.
也许有些可以改造成住宅。
Q6：
How will be the HQ in the future?
未来的总部是怎样的?
A6：
Who knows, but I guess their fa?ades might be rather similar to residential fa?ades。
谁知道呢，但我猜他们的幕墙可能与会变得跟住宅幕墙一样了。
-End-
